"On March 24, 1876 Mormon emigrants arrived in this locale. They established three settlements. William Coleman Allen (b. Feb. 14, 1843 d. March 17, 1926) set up Allen's Camp, which soon bore the name Cumorah (from the hill where gold plates of the Book of Mormons were found in Palmira, New York). One name suggested was Ramah City, but both this and Cumorah gave way on May 26, 1876 to Allen's Camp or Allen's City. Here the colonists constructed a cottonwood log fort. It was the start of the oldest Mormon colony in Arizona. On January 21, 1878 the name was changed to St. Joseph (for Mormon prophet Joseph Smith), but in 1923 railroad officials asked them to change the name to Joseph City to avoid confusion with Joseph City, Missouri. Determination and sheer grit kept Joseph City in existence. By 1897, seven dams had been built and washed out by the flooding Little Colorado River. A Mormon leader asaid it was the "leading community in pain, determination, and unflinching courage in dealing with the elements around them." In 1939 a dam was built which withstood the devastating torrents of the rampaging river. Joseph City Wash shares the name; its name was changed from St. Joseph Wash in 1923. PO Est as St. Joseph Feb. 21, 1878 John McLaws PM. Changed to Joseph October 31 1898; changed to Joseph City December 19, 1923."
Barnes, Will C.; Granger, Byrd (ed.) Arizona's names : X marks the place
Falconer Pub. Co. : distributed by Treasure Chest Publications, c1983. P. 334-335
In 1884, the Aztec Land and Cattle Company of Boston began operations in Arizona with its headquarters situated across the Little Colorado River from the site of Saint Joseph (now Joseph City.) The third largest cattle company in North America, the organization was better known as the Hashknife Outfit, because their brand resembled the old hash knives used by chuck wagon cooks.
The next year, the Aztec Company transferred its headquarters to Holbrook, Arizona and in 1886, they purchased one million acres of former railroad land from the Atlantic and Pacific for 50 cents an acre. The ranch claimed a range that stretched some 650 miles, from the New Mexico border to just south of Flagstaff
The company then bought the Hashknife brand and some 33,000 head of cattle and 2,000 horses from the Continental Cattle Company in Texas , which was going broke because of drought. When the stock arrived by rail, they were let off the train at stops all across northern Arizona. Along with the cattle and the brand, also came a number of original Hashknife cowboys.
Holbrook initially welcomed the money of the cattle company and its associated cowboys, until they saw what they were in for. The buckaroos of the outfit quickly gained the unsavory reputation of being the “thievinist, fightinest bunch of cowboys” in the United States. The sudden presence of so many cow punchers also gave rise to rustling, robbery and gunfights, with much of the cattle thievery perpetuated on the Aztec Cattle Company itself.
Though many said that the Hashknife cowboys were good men, there were a number of them who had reputations for hot-headedness and others, who were outright outlaws. Some of these crooked cowboys were wanted men and on two occasions, they were linked to train robberies at Canyon Diablo. Another time, a cowboy took off with a bunch of the outfit’s cattle and headed to Colorado. There, he set up a saloon with his profits. However, he was soon without money again and rejoined the outfit once more.
Stagecoach and train robberies became an almost recreational pastime for cowboys and drifters in the area. And, when the cowboys came off the range, with money in their pockets and whiskey on their minds, it was time for Holbrook to "look-out!" In 1886 alone, there were twenty-six shooting deaths on the streets of Holbrook, which was called home to only about 250 people at the time.
It was somewhere along this time that the St. Johns Herald reported: "The Salvation Army is going to visit Holbrook. A good field for operation."
In the meantime, the small ranchers, who had previously settled in the area, resented the takeover of the public lands that they had formerly used. One bitter Arizona pioneer wrote: "Thousands of longhorns ate the grass; riffraff and hell-hounds out of Texas ate the rancher's beef."
The animosity between the two factions soon resulted in even more cattle rustling against the Aztec Company and the Hashknife cowboys were quick to utilize their guns to keep small ranchers off their lands.
There was obviously a need for law enforcement in the Holbrook area and Sheriff Commodore Perry Owens is credited with bringing it to the wild and crusty town in 1887. Within a couple of years, he and and his deputy, Frank Wattron, had rid the country of the worst of the outlaw gangs. However, while the area towns were relatively peaceful, numerous cattle thieves still continued to plague the Aztec Ranch.
In desperation, the Aztec Company hired Burt Mossman, who would later become the captain of the Arizona Rangers, to manage the outfit in January, 1898. Mossman immediately declared war on the cattle rustlers and in his first official act, he fired 52 of the 84 men on the payroll.
He then put two men in charge of the remaining cowpunchers and went after the cattle rustlers. By the end of the year, he had sent 11 men to the county jail for cattle rustling, helped even more to tame the lawless town of Holbrook, and Aztec Company was finally beginning to show a profit. On one occasion as he and a new recruit walked past the Bucket of Blood Saloon in Holbrook, Mossman said to the other man: "We ain't had a killin' in there since last summer. One more'd make it 17. Most of 'em been Hashknife boys or old hands that used to work for the outfit."
However, it was too late to save the Aztec Company, as the next winter a severe blizzard hit northern Arizona, killing thousands of Hashknife cattle. The following spring, cattle prices dropped dramatically and the company ordered Mossman to liquidate its holdings. In 1901, the ranch was sold to the Babbitt brothers of Flagstaff. That same year, the Arizona Rangers were formed and Mossman became their first captain.